Tibetan Community in Switzerland and Liechtenstein

? h--hP-;-m-vm--Gm-G-VP-G---zh-G-z-I-DG

{} -Gm-J----G-VP-G-zh-G-z-I

{ -Gm--Jm-G-VP-G-zh-G-z-I-

{} h---m -q--zh-G-z-I

{}-km----Gm-G-VP-hP-zh-G-z-I

{} w---hP-----Gm-^-VP-G-zh-G-z-I

} -Gm-J----G-VP-G-zh-G-z-I

-Gm-G-VP-mP--P-zh-P-zm--fz-z-zh--n-P-G--G-hP-V-hP-G-GP

+h-G-G-G-G--Z-q-Vh 1974 --Gm-zh-G-z-I-G-G-z-b-h-z-z-yG 32 hP z-hG- 5 G-hG- 2 zh-z-Gm-m-q--z-zT-h-q--e-x--5 mP-z-I-Gm-m-n-m-Gm-D--m--Gm--zh-G-z-I-h-Vm-GbP-GmP-G-zh-G-z-hG-n-hP-Gm-m-n-m---zh-G-G-h-GbP-GmP-G-z-yG-n--P-hP-GZ-G-G--Gm P-W h-Zm-+-Im-G-z-J----IP-k-u-Ez-hP-h--zh-G--P-G-G -z-u-f P-GP-+-z-hm-GTh-n-Ghm-im--X-z-yG-Lm-Gm-n-hP z-yG-w--n-m-G-o-I-m-zG-z-z -e-x-- 12 - 25 hP- 26 Zm-GZ-P-Gm-m-n-m-Gm-D--b-zh--zh-n--G-z-q-hG-em-I-IG--m zh-G--P-n-hP-x-M--G-n-m-P-P-fG-hh-G--G-DG-hP-Gz-G-Bm-m-h-zG-GmP-M-hP--Gm-G-VP--P-n-m-zh-G-z-I-fm-Bm-Vh-P--fG-hGP-M-V-z-m-+-P---h-q-GZ-z-xG-G-GmP-zm-q-m-

{ -Gm--Jm-G-VP-G---zh-G-z-I--P-Mm-P-Gm-fz-q-h-z-H--M-P-zk

;] x-- ?1970? -h---Gm--Jm-h-zh-G---hG-P-G--G-GP-hP- ?G-Gm--G-q--zG-b-I-z--TP-G--iG-h-q ?zh--u-z-Gm-zem-P--fh-;-Fh-h-q--Gm-Vm-q-W-e? P-P--w--n---fG-hP--fG-GP--n-hP-GP--P-GP--zT-n- ?P-G---V-GT-zBP-Vm-q-zP-zBz-GmP-fz-h-q-P--fm-P--m-q-G-GP--zh-Eh-V-km-q-zK--zP-q--m-h-q-h-q-VG--f-zP-zBz--fz-q-G-hm-h-hG-b ?-Gm-G-VP-G-GmP-fz-q-fG---H-zh-G-z-I-G-P--TP--iG-q-G-GmP-fz-q-h? zh-z-Gm-m-fG--mz-q-;-V--G-hP-? -h-h-q-zMz--;--hzP-G-GZ-m? x-- 1974 z-fG-D-V-z-GmP- ?G-q--Gm-G-VP-G--P-n-m-zMz-zB--TP-GP-G-GmP-z-+z-h-z-yG-zT--G-P-h-q-I-Im-fG-Gm-z-yG-G-w--n-m-z-GmP-

D] x-- ?1974? m-? 1983? z--h-h-q-zh-O-hzP-h-M-m-G-hP-? d-mP--P-hzP-h-G-GZ-m---H-zh-G-z-I-h-D-m--GbG-z-yG--G-+z-Gm-G-Gbm-m-h-q-GG-b-fG-D--TP-Vm-q--P-P-Gm-m-GmP-? h-+z--z-yG-n-hP-h-P-zh-+h-zh-q-zBm-GmP-G-h-fG?DP-n-P-Zh-w--VG-h-q-P-G-y-G-m-h-zh-+h-fG-m-z;--GmP-fz-q-h-D-zh-G-->G-P-GP-G-GmP-fz-q-h ?-z-z-m--TP-ZP-ZP-zhm--h-GTG-G---h-q-h-zm-f---z-Gm-fz-q-fm-M-zMz-zB--Gm--P-m-GP-P-GmP- ?I-Im--fh-w--n-m-Iz-fz-q-fG-Gm-z-GmP-h

G] x-- ?1983? m-zh-z-Gm-m-fG-Gm-V-V-mz-q-;-V--G-hP- k-iG-GP-+-zP--P-G-GZ-m-z-GmP-e--TP-G-Gm-Vm-q-zh-z-OG-G-Gbm-q-G-zh-G-hP-W-m-+h-G-GZ-fG-Gbm-zz-G-Iz-GmP-z-fG D-Gmh-V-z-z-yG--m-DP-G-fz---Gm-GP---GmP-e--Gm-GP-m--z-zP-q-m-DP-G-fm-Am-GmP-z--TP-fG-wm-G-m-h-h-e-P-P--uh-zm-q-m zh-z--I-Im-w--n-m-f---z-Gm-z-GmP-zm-q-hP- ?hG-G--Gm--P-G-fm-M-zMz-zB--zh-PP-GmP--P-h

P] x-- ?1988? m-? 1997? z-zh-z-Gm-m--v--zP-hG-hm-G-hP-? xG-G-;-Gm--P-n-M-G-m-GmP-? fG-Gm-V-z--PP-m-zh-z-OG-G-xG-m-zP-z--fh-GmP-? z-yG-n-v-oP-PP-wz-GmP-z-zG-VG-zP-q-h-h-e-P-H-z-h-q-Gm ?+z--h;-P-G-yh-+z-fG-oP-Vm-q-w--hP-m--GmP-e-I-zk-G-q--GmP-z-h? xm-Vh-h;-P-G-Sm-GG-G-fz--hGP-z-z-q--Gm--P-G-f--m-hP--Gm--P-fP-G-xG--GP-G-GmP-h ?G-q-hq--H-fm-M-f---z-fz--hGP-z-Vm-q-GmP-z ?-z-z-yG-G-w--n-m-I-Im-fm-M-GmP-xG--H-z-ym-z-P-z ?V--G--GbG-GmP--hG-q-H ?G-VP-G--P-m---h-Vm-DG-GZ--D-zz-m-zM-V-z-zT- ?40% ? -Gm-zh-G-z-I-hq--fm-M-z=m--GmP-e hq--Gm-eP-G-h---M-P-h

T] x-- ?1997? m-zh-z-Gm-m-xG-G--zP-m-Gm-D- -Gm---zh-G-z-I--P-Mm-P--fz-P-z-dm-G-zMz-zB-G-z? -Gm-G-VP-G--P-n-hP- -Gm-f---P-hP- ?-Gm-zh-z-Gm-m--P-zT-n--fG-D-V-z---em-G--zh-PP-Gm-E-fz-q-P-h? -xm-Vh--Gm-zh-z--fh-f---z--fz--G-dm Gmh-Vm-GTG-hq---fG-h-q-Em-z-zm? z-yG-G-w--n-m-hGP-q-V-z--Z-z-xG--? -e--Gm--x-M-F-em-h-Vm-Zm-F--G-fz-q-h-+z zh---G-t-P--q-P-zz-D-wm--Gm-zh-G-z-I-hq--fm-M-Vh-h-hG ?x-- 2003 z-zh-z-OG-G-G-zP--Gm-zh-z-Gm-m-xG-G--zP-m--hG

: -Gm-G-VP--Jm---zh-G-z-I--P-Mm-P-Gm-fz-q-G-dm-G-z-G-zh-z-Gm-m-hP-hG-Lm-n-q-fG-D-V-z--+-im--dm-m-P-z-Em-G-zm-m-GP-h-z;h-q-G-G

Gm-m-

1] Gm-m-mz-q-;-V--G	2]-h-h-q-zMz--;--hzP-G
3]-h-h-q-zh-O-hzP-h-M-m-G	4] d-mP--P-hzP-h-G
5] k-iG-GP-+-zP--P-G	6] -v--zP-hG-hm-G
7] ;-Gm--P-n-M-G	8] xG-G--zP-G
9]k---hzP-G

hG-Lm

1] -zP-z-Gbm-G	2] --m-Iz-G
3] -z-E-G	4] -z-zh-m-G
5] hzP-DP-z=-l-X-G	6] -hG--P-l-X-G
7] IP-k--P-hq--G	8] P-z-P-PG-hzP-G
9] -zhG-m-z-G	10] M-q-qj-G
11] G---zP-G	12] hzP-DP-zem-q-G
13] zG--;m-zP-G	14] hzP-DP-V-h-G
15] G-G-;m-hG-G	16] -v-+-zP-G
17] -P-P-q-m-m-G	18] xG-G--zP-G
19] -km-DP-G----Om-G

zT-n--P-hG-q-fG-X-V- ?-P--TP-G-Vm-H--Gm--G-zh-G-z-I -f--h--P-z-GP-G-P-z-z=-m--zT? -Gm-G-VP--Jm-H---zh-G-z-I--M-P-zk-zT- 

{} h---m -q--zh-G-z-I--M

h-P-hP-G--M---GP-P---z-P-DP-Sm-JP---M ?P--w--GP-Tm-zh---h---Z-eP-zL-z-P-V-hP-G-GP. +h-G-G-G-G-M-mG-hP-i-h-h-q-hP. zh-M-Dz-P-Zh--F-G-hP.?GP-hP GP-hG M-h-G-P-hzP-M-Dz-TG-m-q-m-dG-G-q-h-q-hP.? G-q-M-mG-hP. z- hm-W-G-E--M-Dz-DG-G-Z-h---h-G-+-VP-G--q-zG-h-q-G-K-GP--m-P-hzP-P-zm-h-uh-TP-Gm-zm-q-m

h-e-mP-E--M-Dz-M--h-q 1949 -zh--xG-D-hP. -h---m-zm---q-hP. h-m-M-hG-z-yG-P-q-zh--M------H-zh--P-G-z-Q--zh-GP-G-Vz-h-yG--Pm--G-m-ze-z-hP. zh--P--P-G--GT-q-m-q-&GP--&Bz-Gm-Vm-q-&+-x-P-Zm-z-W-V-I-zm-q-zdm

1959 - 3 - 10 Zm-zh-M-V--P-n-m--fG-fz-h--P-G-M-Dz-hP.?-G--hm-h--G--zbP-G-hI-q-M-h--P-L-K-P---G--q-Zm---M-w-zG-iG-Gmm-z-V--q-zdm-zh-hP. zh--y-wG-D-Zm-h--hGP-z--&GP--&Bz-Gm-Vm-q-&+-D-M-G-h-Bz-zT-h--wz-f-h-P-P.

h-e-z--iG-Gm--G-f-P-y-zh--F--zMh--zL-z-M-z--G-D-Bz-zT-h--z-h +z-h-&GP--&Bz-Gm-Vm-q-VG-m-Bz-zT--P-G-f--zk-z+P-hP.-P-G-GP-G-OG-G-G-z-h-q-hP. hI-q-zm-G-b-h-q-G---P-G-Zm-m-E-h;-h;-P--fz ?wz-X--zG--Bz-zT-zh--n--y---fz--em-hP. -P-zh-P-zm--fz-z--zh--n-P-G--G-hP. ?V-hP-G-GP- +h-G-G-G-G--Z-Mm-m-fz-Vh-zh--D-GP-G-VG-fz-fz zh-yG-m-Gm-n--yh-zem-GT-BP-hP-hP-h-x-mP--m-z-P-vh-Vh-z-G-DP-hP. Gbm-Zm-z-I-G-G -h-V-G-DG-G-ze-Gm-G-z Lm-GTP-Z-fG-n--Vh-L-G-DP-hP. m-DP-G-fz-G-GP--W---GG-BP-G--z=m-zBP-hP-BP-zm-q-DP-zh--eP-yG-GTG--h--m--D-G-VG--m-fz-h--GP-hP. M-I-h-q--z+-GmP-z-e-D-m-P-e-h-DP--I-n-P-+z-h-h--Z-fG-zh--mP-m-P-V-h;-P-Tm-M-G-;--D--z--;-D-m--z-B-zm-q-Ph-TG--z-z-eP-yG-P-q-h-q-n--DP-m-hG-z-GG-BP-hGP-z--z=m-V-z-e

x-- 1960 m-zP-P--h--m---DG-P-z--GbP-GmP-h-q-e h-V-h--mP-Em-zk-zh--IP-Z-eP-zhm-zM-+--m-b- -Gm-DG-mP-P-P-hh-zz-hP.?Wm-eP--GG-q--G-i-m-P-q-fG--z-B-zm-q-e-h---Gm-h-zm--P--PhzP-V-P. hq---M-Tm-H-P-q-P-zh--n-Gm-eP-GP-G-fG zh-yG-n-P---u-P--m-z-P-G-G-+z-G-hP-h-hG-P--fm-Am-P---P-Bh--PP-Gm-zm-q-hm-P-P--K-H-e-G-IG---VG---kh-fz-G--h P---z-hG--zh-P-hzP-G--Gm-Iz-M-zkh-h-ez-h-V-Am-G-z--G-P-Zh--+h-G-G-GP--Z-Mm-m-fz-fz--M-G-V-P- h-+-&GP--&Bz-Gm-Vm-q-VG-m--em-z;-z--z-h-q-DG-GTG-+z-h-im-G-Vh-zB-z;h--h

: &GP--&Bz-Gm-Vm-q-VG-m-+h-G--i-h--zTG-q-G-GP--zhG-GT-hG-+

1977 x-- 2 - 5 Zm--a-zh--f-z-b-z-z-z;-z-mP. ?D--h-dG-G-GbP-+z--GTG-G-f-Th--M-z--M-G-H-+h-q---z-P. ?P-P--zh-+h--mP--f-Th--z-P-G-h-m-h-q---hG-hm--hG h-zm-hP-P-u-zbP-+h-V-mP-z-b-GTG-GZ--z-h-P-P--+h-mP-zhm-yG--z-G-h-zm-h-z-b--z-e-hG-q-GP-P--hG zh-+h--mP--G-hm-V-P-G-q-h--fz-q-P-G-G-q-i-q-h-m-hm-W-hP. m-h-P-G-Gm-+z-zh-uh-h-M-h-Gm--f-hh-h P----zh-q-P-G-h-zm-q-h-w-zG-m-+h-Gm-hG-z-m-zkh-m-h--hG-q-GP-G--hG

M--P--+h-G--fP-VP-Eh-Gh-GP-i-h--hG -P-hP. -V-P-zh-P-h-q-h-w-zG-m-M--P--zbG m-hP-V--z--G-q-P-G-P-q-zh-q-P-G-mP--G-P-G-hG-G w--h-M--V-km-q-fG-m-zh-q-+h-G-h-q-z-M-z--G-zbP. --h-P--P-hzP-P-q-h-q---+h-G-V-G--GT-m-h-M-h-M-D-zz-zkh-q---P-G-hh-zz-hP-h-P-m---+h-G---h--m-+h-G-Gm-hG-TG-G-+h-om--MG-GP-fz-hP. ?z-GP-fz--m-hG-q-G--hG-G?P--h-oP---m-G-q--h

hm-W--Dm-G-G-P-hm-W-GP----h-z-m-zh-+h--fP-VP-hP. m-h--Dm-G-G-P-m-h---h--m-zh-+h--fP-VP--m-zT-VP-h ?P--M--fz-h-h-q-P-z -z-m P---G-f-hh ?+h-G-f-hh--fG-m-zl--GTh-zm-h zh-q-+h-h--M--xm-q--DG-G-+h-e-z--m-q-P--+h---G-h-q-hP. -G-h-q--h--h? G--H-+h-G-hP-Ghm-fz-i-i-Gm-q-h-P--+h-G-VG-zkh-h?P--+h-G-h-tz-q-B--q-G-hP. ?P--q-G-h--GbG-P---q-+h-G--h h-i-+h-G-GTG-h-zm-h-zhG-q--zMz-m-+G-q-h h--zhG-q-G-q-MG-hG-T-z

: zh-G-z-I-fG--G-eP

&GP--&Bz-Gm-Vm-q-VG-m--em-z;-z-m-q-V-u-wz-GP-Dh-e?P--h-h-hP-m-G-K-H-h;-P-VP-G---m-u-hm-G-V-u--h-P---m Gm-m--h-h-zP-q-y-zG-b-I-M-zdm?+h-G-z-P-G--hm-y-h-G-m-D-fz-q--G-V-P.?h-P-h--D-zh--n--Gm-DG-P-q-D-f-h-Gm-Dh-h-q-P. M-G-h-h-q-zh---mP-zm-zh-yG-D-GP-G-Gbm-Zm-z-I--G-fz-fz-h-P.?h-e-V-P-P-Gm----zh-yG--h----z-I-mP-u-i-z-P-h-I-M-f--h-q-fG h-h-eP-q-h-+z----z-P-e-z-zh-G-z-I--G-fz-m-y--h-P-wm-fG-V--P-Gm--zdm?G--Gm---m -q---D-h-Gm-kh-zh--GP--h-q-zdm

fG-- ?1982? x--? 10? - ?16? Zm-GTh-q-f-m-Vm-G-hP. ?K-t-m-bm-M--GZ-m-E-P---P-zT-H-z-yG-z--m-q-n-z-I-GbP--zh-z+-hP-G-P-f-Gh-m-hP.?hG-Lm--I---z+ z-I-G--m-DP-fz--zT--fG ?1982? x--? 11? - ?1 ?Zm-yG-G-w--hP.zT-q-P---zh-G-fm-P--m-q-dm--h-K-hP--z-I-hP--K-h-hz-G--q-m

: OG-G-Gbm-zz

u-G---hm-G-m-xm-P---m---OG-G-G-hG-G--zdm-P--zh-G-z-I-h-m-BP-G-h-Vh-OG-G-G-P--fG-m-Gbm-zz--h ?OG-G-mP-zh-z--hG-q-hG--hP.?z-yG---h?z-Im-zk-z ?G- ?hG-Lm---Gm ?z-m?Gm-m-hP-hP-GZ-G--h---Gm ?h-m? w---yG-G-z-I-dG-GbP-hP.?m-BP--hm--Mz-B-Z-z--M?z-I--hm-G-KP-V-VP--GG-q-G-h-M-zk-G-xG-G-hG-P--hm-Gmh-DG-G-h

h-h-hG-

1983 ?- ?4? -? 10? m-zP-m-BP--hm-G-h-P-Vh-hG-P--hG--w-z+--q-hP.zT-e-V-Gm-m-GTG-hP--G-GTG -q-hP.hP-GZ--GZ ?I-OG-h-h-q-GTG zh-G-hG-Lm--z-zT-hP. ?1991? -m--V-hG-Lm-GTG P- 2000 -m-G-hG-GTG-zT-h-q-n-m-P-P-P-hm-P-q-xG--Gm-D--B-GmP-zm-q-m

Gm-m-m-G

OG-G-mP-W-Dh-zm-GP-G-hG--n-Gm-m-m-G--G--P-m m-G-h-m-G-z-yG-G--zh-q-+h-G-G-GP-G-z-P-f-P-vh-fz--m-q---T-V-h-fG-G-m-D-fz--G-h ?Gm-m-m-G--G--n--z-J-GP-P-h-q-hP-P-z-x--Dm--eG-m

hG--w--G-Vm-m Gm-m-m-G-m-fG-GTh-h;-z--hm-G-hG-Lm--h-hP. yG-G---w--zT-h-q-G-Vm-h-m-I-zk-hP. ?fG-GTh Z-z-zT--G-h

+h-G-hP--G-z-P.

z-yG-n-m-I-DG-z-V-zG-fG P-GP--G-m-DP-m-Gbm-zz-xG-zOG-h-q-zh-G-z-hz-G-zG-fG?l--zh-E-G-M-z-D-m-xG-zOG-GmP-z-hq--m-F-Tm-H-z-hz-GP-P-h-q-zT-m-z-P-vh---h?h-h-fh-zh-yG-n--Gm-h--x-M-+h-G-z-P-h-I-hG--h-h--xG---P-Vh---z-I--G-G-q-Zm-Mz-hP-tm-q-G-q-G-GP-P-m-q-ez-zem-zhm--h-m-h-GTG-hP-xh-;-P-z-P--G-h ?GP-P--P--fP--m-q--V-z-Fh--G-h?z-G-P-V-z--G-q-P-hGP-i-hP.?G-Z--Zm-Mz-G-GP-fz-z-Fh--zm-q-zT-m

z-yG-P-DP-hP-IP-z

zh-G-z-I-h-fG-Z--P--Gm--b ?-mG --? b--zT-m-z-yG-GbP-GmP-G-h-?h-wm--P-Z--P-z-yG-IP- 74 -P-h-q-hP.? hP-+z-z-yG-w--zk- 31 h

z-J-fm-Am

hG-Lm-n-q- ?1982? -fG--z-I-G-G-+z-z-J-fm-Am-h--K- ?10?-z-H-h-TP. h-m--w-H-h-V-h--K- ?25? -z----m?hG-z-GZ-;-h-h-Gm-zem--hG-hzP-G-zh-G-z-M-h-h-fP-P--h-P. h--hqG-q--G-->G-hP.?-V z-G-G-Iz--GP-G-P-h-q-hG-K-zBh-

: z-I-I-P-GbP-hG--hq--h-Gh-W-

z-I-G-G-+z-z-Im-GbP-hG--z-yG--m---h-K- 15?-zk-z--hG-P-P.?h-X-z-I--D-h-Vm-+z-hP. 1984?m-zP--m-hrh-;-h-Vm-Zm-G-H-+z--P--zh--G-G-hP. -zG-z-G-t-P--G-h ?+z-h-P--zh-V-hP-GP-Hm-TP. -G-YG--V--GP--hP-km-q-K-m m-GP-VP-h-h-t-P--q-zdm zh-hP. ?zh- zh--zT--Ez-zOG-P-G--P--fG ---zh--YG--Vm-q-hP.?D-q-G-q-hG-T-hG-G-zSG-zXh-h-h-PP-P-;-G-G-G-t-GG-GmP-G-h P---D-q--ze-P-q-KG-hG-q-hP. ?--D-zz-GP-G-P-z-z-I-I-Im-V-P-GbP-fz-q--h-u-hP-GP--GG-WG-fz-q-P-z-hP. ?h-zm---Z-h-f-O-h-z-P-M-P-hG-m-z-Vm-P-h-q-zT-m-Iz--zP-q-G--P-m--G-h

--G-h-hP. h-em-+

-e-em---D-G-h-P--G-zOG-hP. -hG-G- h-em-zT--zm--h 1987 -P--zh-G-z-I-zG-m--P--q- 5 D-z-h-im-Gz-M-G-G-zOG--q-hP.Vz-TG -q--=G-m-;--q-G-DP-mP-h--mP-z-I-G-m--D-DG-iG-G-hG--z-yG-hP-zT--IP- 150 +-h-q-n-P-G-z-I-mP-D---V--I-z-hP. ?wm-m-Z-P-t--G-hG-q-hG-m-h--Vh-hG-z-+-Im-h-Ghm---q-e-hH-Z-Vm-q-wz--P-fG?zh-z-DG-m-z-G-Fz-em--h-?-P--TP-P-q-wz-h-q-G-h-em-G-q-P-fz-q--h

x-- 1992 -zh-z-h-zG-m-- 10 D-z-h-em-Gz-M-G-GP-zm-G-zOG--fz-q-P-h?+z-h--S-h-im-e-h---D-DG-G-zh-z-hG--z-yG-hP-zT-+-Im-h-Ghm--fG zh-z-DG-m-z-G--V-G-Fz-em-o-P--h-

-P--TP-P-q-wz-h-q-n-hH--Vm-q-P-z-G-h-em-G-q-P-fz-q--h?+z-h-hG-z-h-im-zm-hz-G-hm-t--fz-q-m-hG-m-q-Pm- h-em-DG--P-GP-+-z-hm-GTh -z-u-f -Gm-IP-k-u-Ez-G-+-Im-n-m-z;-z-GP-zh-GmP-h

-D-G-h-G-zOG--h-Vm-+z-P-GP-+-z-hm-GTh-VG-+-Im-h-Ghm----m-q-e-hm-GTh-+-z--l-G-VG-G-+z-hG-z-fG-oP-Vm-q-P---UG-Vh-wz-fG hG-z-P--z;-z-z-M-GmP-z-P--P--G-+z-h-zMh-fG-X-V--M-m

h-Bh-v-x

OG-G-mP-G-e--m z-I-u-hP-fG-m-I-P-zbP-e--e-h-h-hG--z-yG-w--hP-zT-q-wm-m---zP-q-P-fz-G-hG-m-P-q-hG-b--kG-Tm-H--YP-hP. m-IG-V-z-I-em-DP-G--ze-+-hP-v-x-I-M-G-V-m-mP. -e-Vh-h-G-zOG-fz-q-P-h h-m--P-q-G-G-h-h-hP. hGP--hh-zz-fm-m--D-DP-q-fz---h-q-G--I-G-hG h-D-Z-I-DP-DP-fz---fP-D--hP. -z-q-t;-[Europa]fP-GZ-~--um-GG-DP--fP-GTG-zT-Z-Fh--fz-q-P-h

&GP--&Bz-Gm-Vm-q-h---D-zh-G-z-I-hG-z-P--W-D-hP. z;-z-z-+

: P--&GP--&Bz-Gm-Vm-q--em-z;-z-S-X--z-z-fG-X--zdm-m-zh-G-z-I-h--G-fz-q-P-G h--&GP--&Bz-Gm-Vm-q-VG-h--Vz-zN-H--G-P-G-DP-h-P-G--GP-V-z=m-V-+z-h--D-h-wm-zh-G-z-I-G-m--Gm-DG 12 mP-hG-Lm- 26 hP. ?-h- 45 z-yG-IP- 236 zT-h-q-n--&GP--&Bz-Gm-Vm-q-W-D-hP. -P-hG---m-q-z;-z-zT-m--fG-X-V-z- -D-zT-GZ--z-I-Gm-m--h-G--I-zk-fG-m-h--fG-Gbm--D-GP. Sm-h-m-P-GP--Gm-hm-GTh-zMh-G-fm-&m-P--q--h h-+-WG-BP--zT--q-f--h--P--I-M--hP. K-t-m-bm-M--GZ--P---h--q-h W-e-G-z-zbz-q-zm 1988 - 6 - 26 Zm-&GP--&Bz-Gm-Vm-q-VG-m-hG-z-P--W-D-hP. ?GP---YG-P. z-yG---G--G-h--um-z -P--K-z;-z-z-M-zT-m-fz-P.+z-h-GP-G-f--GZ-m-&GP--&Bz-Gm-Vm-q-z-DG 12 m-hh-z-P-z-'`-dm-hh-K- 3690/- hP-W-h---zT-W-D-fG-hG-z-hP--z-I-u-P--Gm-eP-hP. -M-P-zk-G-&m-Om--fz-q-G-hG-tz-B---Gm--HP--z-DG 12 -fG---z-e-H-W-D-h--z;h-OG-hh-DP-P-h-q--h &+-hq-Om--VG-q-G-h-zOG-GmP-z-zdm-h---M-h-fG-im-G-+-hq--P-GG-z--M-h-q--w-H-Gm--H-G -P-q-h-e--P-z--z--G-h

fG-X-G-z

&GP--&Bz-Gm-Vm-q-VG-m--JP-B-I-u-hP. -G-P--zh-zP-Z-fG-n--P-hzP-zh-hm-Vh--w-ym--W-zBP-P-TG-P--h--G-P- z=m-im---zm-q-h-G-P--zB-z----V-P. P---z-hG--Iz-Vh-Gm-q-GP-G-z;-im-P-P-im-q-K-m-h-X--zG-fz-q--M-m-h-e-h-+z-h-G-KP-V---fP-G h-P-z-q-GP-h--zTh-hP-q-Sm-JP-mP-G-z;h--h-q-e z-h-zh-M----t--h-H-q-m-zP-G--GZ--Gm-q-zh--n-Gm-eP-fz-B-h-e-z-fG-P. Gm-q-GP-G-+-P-zM-yG--z----h-GP-G-OG-G-hP. V-h-G-GP-G-ze-Gm-G-G-h-q-hP. G---P-G-kG-zS-hzG-hP-z-h-TP. ?V-h-P-hzP-hG-em-H-Z--V--Z-z-G-P--h-h-P-z-h-zP-hP-h-B-z-;m-H-fP-V--H-z-hP.

G-q- 1989 x-- 12 - 10 Zm--JP-m-m-q-IG-q-m---zh-GP-dG-&GP--&Bz-Gm-Vm-q-w-b -JP--zh-z-hqm-Vm-q-P-G-z-zT--zdm?P--DP-h--P-n--I-z-q-GTG-fm-H-zhG-TG-D-z--z-n--y-hP-m-H-wm-zh---q-Gm-q-VG-hP.X--I-kG-P-q-m zem-hP-I-z-hm-h-&z-qh-z+-q-M--zdm-TP-zG-q-G-z-hz-dm-z-h;--G-hP. '`-dm-hh-h-K- 11111/-z---fz-q-m ?Gm-q-VG--h--m-q-hP--z-xG-b-GP-P-f-Th-zem-I-zh-hm-D-m-m-GbP-h-q-G-P--Em-G-G-P. zhG-TG-n-hG-G-z-q-V-GG-q-M-H-q-P--P--hG--D-zm-q-m-P.? &Bz--z;-m-hH-z-u-m-P-G-q-hP.

-h-u-m-&GP--&Bz-Gm-Vm-q-VG-G-+-x-G-Am-f-Tm--m-zem-I-u-hP. ?-G-zhG-TG-zh-zP-P--Gm-Bz-hqP-GZm-h-q-+--z-qh-z+-zM-zdm-TP-fG--zh-hm-G-z-zh-YP-P-hzP--G-HG-m--h-fz-e-G--Z--+-zP-hG-em--P--uh-M-G-+-x-z--O--z-GG-hh-h-K- 4000/- f-q-hP. -Tm--f-G--GbP-M-h-K- 1000/- f-q-zT-zk-h-K- 5000/- f-q-P-GP-V-hm--DP-zMh---h--Eh-wG-Tm-hP-ez-zem-z--y-zOz-GmP-BP-P-z-&m--hP-zT-z---q-zT-m

hG-z-X-im--M

1) +-z---m-zh-z-G-G-+z-m-DP-fz--GmP-- z K-h-+z-G-h-em-P-q-G-DP-G-q-GmP-z

2)-m--Gm-IP-k-z-I-G-P-m-m-DP-GZ-h-z-J-h-Bz-WG-GmP-z

3) ^G----E-P-m--e-h-K-S-zM--z-I-hq--fm-Am-h--hz-GmP-z

4) +-z-;-q--E-P-m-hq--fm-H-M-V-GmP-z

5) -m-D---q--DP-m-Mm-h-G-h-G-DP. z-G-Fz-P---DP-q-G-z-zT-GP-G-n--P--hG--z-yG-hP. ?w--P--P-fG-q-m-fG-X-V--M-zT

WG-b-&GP-&Bz-Gm-Vm-q-VG-zem-hP-I-z-hm-h-&z-qh-+-q-M--zdm-TP-zG-q-hP. fG-zh-m-H-Iz-q-m-hm-H-zMm-b h---m -q---D-zh-G-z-I-hG--w--fP-m-zh-M-- 2129 z-P---V-d-

x-- 2002 x-- 6 - 15 -w

-km----Gm-G-VP-hP-zh-G-z-I

:? -km----x--? 1970? -m-zh---P-GZ-h? -V-h--D-zdm-h-D-hG-G-Bh-q-hP.? hGm-;-GP--G-P-fG-Z-q? G-q-h-I-I-m-b-zh-q-G--hG-m--zdm--q-zh--P-h-P-m-x--? 1986? -m-zP--Gm-h-zh--G-VP-G-q-G-hP-x--? 1987? -zh-yG-n--zh---G-hP-+h-G-G-z-P-G-G-+z--M-P-Vh-zh-G-z-I-m-I-f-hm-GZ-zT--Gm-h-zG--P-fm-P-G-GG-q-h

z-I-I-Im-V-xG-hP-M-hm-G---hz? G-VP-P-G-I-Im-G-P-D-P-G-fz-Vh---h-h--? ? Chilbi ? ? D--h---Gm-zh--n-Z-z--zh--z-zP--q-D-zz-W-P-u-hP-h-zG-m-zh-uh--G-h? h-wm-G-VP-h-M-hm-V-h---hz-G-GP-M-w-M-P-z-G--P--hG-tz-Vm-q-h?

G-VP-h-mP-zh---P-? 16? -zk--IP-? 55? -h? -G----Gm-G-VP-G-f--GTG-hP-z-I-Gm-m-GTG? hP-GZ-GTG-hP--z-q-GTG ? z-hG-GZ-hP--G-GTG-zT--Gm--P-G-h--h-z+--G-h? x--? 2004? z--Gm-f--G-Gm-P-VG-l-X-hP-z-I-Gm-m-xG-P-h;m-VG-m-q-G-VP-hP-zh-G-z-I--hm--hG-G--z-GmP-hG-n-DP-GZ-- -D-P-G-G-zT-m-G? x--? 2002? -? 7? -? 1? -z=-zh-G-zT---zh--i-Gm--w

{} w---hP-----Gm-^-VP-G-zh-G-z-I

P--P--zh-D-z-Tm-h-zm-M-h-H-hzP-G-b-h-X--kh-zh--P-q-G-x-M--I-DG--D-f-h-Gm-hG-P-h-q-zdm-m-Gm-P-q-G-M-Dz-i-m-mP-P-G-P-q-+h-G-h-q--P-h-hG-q-G-VG-h-ez-P---V-+h-G-hP--G-^-w-zG-zh--G-G-zP-q-P--h-I-Zm-h-q-h-+z-h-i--z-q-+z--&GP--&Bz-Gm-Vm-q-fG-X--zdm-m-M-G-hP-z--G-zT--mP-Gbm-z-DG-P-q-G-G-GmP-fG-zh-G-hP-zh-q-G-G-^-z-P-h-M-G-+z-h-m-P- mz-x^-M-Dz-DG-b-zh--D-f-h-h-q-yG-G--zh-G-hP-zh-q-G-G-P-z-G-+z-h-ez. &GP--Vm-q-z;-z--wz-hGP-hm-e-h-G--Gm-G-VP-G-yG-G-w---Gm-D-V-P-z-b x-. 1973 -h-G--Gm----zh-G-z-I-hz-G-q-m-zP-h-z--P-G-G-P--h-h-GhP-m-G--h;-P-VP-G----q-zh---G-hP-+h-G--fh-m-BP--M-P--u-hm-G-V-GG-m-zh--+h-G-hP--G-zT--Gm--Gm-B--z-P-vh-hP-vh--m h-z-zh-G-hP--G-H-hG-Lm-GmP-Dm-n--m-f-G-G

1] ;--m-q-V 2] --V-w 3] JP-y-zem-m-ez-M 4] D-dG-V-h--P- 5] h-V-qh-zem-m 6] JP-y-d-Im-M-q 7]-h-D-M--P-G-M. 8] l-VP-Gm-q-n-M -(-hG)9] z-Bh--z-h-M-(-hG) 10]qh-JP--Gm11]l-VP-WG-h

 Tibetan Community in Switzerland and Liechtenstein, 2002 - Designed by Tsokhang Tenzin Losal